Characterization of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production system in the Zacatecas, Mexico.

Resumen

Objective: To characterize the tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) production system in Zacatecas, Mexico.

Methodology: Seventeen Aquaculture Production Units (APU) in Zacatecas were analyzed, using a cross-sectional design and qualitative-quantitative method. The instrument used was a questionnaire, and the sampling was non-probabilistic. 

Results: Tilapia cultivation is conducted in various types of ponds, with an average of 2340 organisms per pond, yielding a production of 5705.88 kg year^-1, and a sale price of $116.47 pesos kg^-1 of fresh gutted fish at the farm gate. Production costs are primarily associated with concentrated feed and electrical energy. Regarding the financial characteristics analyzed, APUs are categorized into four types of production: basic, as a complementary activity with limited economic resources; pre-intermediate, characterized by basic infrastructure and managed by adult aquaculturists (49-55 years old); Intermediate, full-time dedication with average profitability; and high-intermediate, with optimal infrastructure and activity managed by adult aquaculturists aged 30-55 years with a propensity to adopt technological innovation in aquaculture.

Limitations/ Study Implications: No major limitations were identified.

Conclusions: In general, aquaculturists perceive stagnation in their activity due to lack of promotion, production scheduling, and insecurity. It is necessary to develop an inter-institutional strategy where universities, research institutions, and government agencies participate to promote elements of policy, financing, and training.