Characterization of weed flora in cassava crop in Tabasco

Abstract

Objective: to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of Crotalaria juncea L. as a green manure on the weed community in cassava crop in Tabasco.

Design/methodology/approach: the study was carried out in the Experimental Field of Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Tabasco (18º01' N and 93º03' W). The samplings were done on four dates: 1) at the planting of crotalaria (12/03/2018); 2) at flowering (31/01/2019); 3) 20 days after incorporation (22/02/2019); 4) at cassava harvest (25/04/2019) using metal squares 50 x 50 cm. Two planting densities, 50 and 80 cm (16,600 and 10,375 plants ha^-1), and two doses of NPK fertilization (160-40-80 and 00-40-80+GM) were tested, and a control. The name of the species, number of individuals and coverage (percentage) were recorded to calculate the richness indices (S), Shannon diversity (H'), uniformity (E) and importance value index (IVI).

Results: The weed community consisted of 32 species, 28 genera and 16 families, the best represented: Convolvulaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae and Poaceae; the most recorded species: Lindernia crustacea, Ludwigia octovalvis and Ageratum houstonianum. Diversity index reflected a poor community, especially GM treatments. Diversity ranged from low to medium and uniformity from medium to high. The importance of the species was more related to the environmental conditions than to the treatments; Cyperaceae were more important in the rainy season and Asteraceae in dry season; L. crustacea appeared throughout the cycle.

Limitations/implications: it is advisable to extend the investigation period.

Findings/conclusions: the weed flora consisted of 32 species; Convolvulaceae family and L. crustacea species were the most diverse and the most recorded during the cycle, respectively. Diversity indices reflected a poor community. The importance of families was related to the environmental conditions; Cyperaceae stood out in the rainy season and Asteraceae in the dry season