Variabilidad genética de características morfológicas de maiz nativo (Zea mays L.) en la Península de Yucatán, México

Abstract

The objective of the research was to study the genetic variability of morphological characteristics of native maize in the Yucatan Peninsula (PY), México. Thirteen recognized native maize accessions were used in the PY under the name of Naál Xóy, Xnúc Naál Blanco, Yellow Rooster, Dzit Bacal, Mejeén Naál, Rosa San Juan, Cháck-Chóp, Teél Cháck, Sáck Teél, San Pableño, Ejú-Creole purple, Xmején Naál Tsitbacal and Clove Chiapas, when sown in June 2017 and 2018, under a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The accessions were exposed to an average temperature of 28 º C from the sowing-physiological maturity, with 1353 and 1962 mm of rainfall accumulated in 2017 and 2018. The results revealed differences (P£0.05) in the morphological variables evaluated: Number of days to male flowering (FM) and female (FF) I present an instability of 12 days to FM and FF, with Naál Xóy and Ejú-Creole purple, and 15 days to physiological maturity with clove Chiapas. A differentiation of 98 and 126 cm in ear height and plant with Eju-Creole purple; 6 and 1.1 cm in ear length and diameter with Xnúc Naál white and Cháck-Chóp, and Yellow Rooster. A variation of 4 rows with Teél Cháck and 17 grains per row with San Pableño; 11 and 74 gr in weight of 100 grains (Xmején Naál Tsitbacal, Rosa San Juan and San Pableño) and grains per ear (Naál Xóy); and a greater difference in performance with Naál Xóy and Dzit Bacal of 3105 kg/ha^-1.