Optimal wheat distribution in Mexico

Abstract

Wheat is one of the most widely consumed cereals worldwide, and its availability is pivotal to food security in Mexico. This study employed linear programming, using the simplex method, to optimize wheat distribution routes throughout the country. Two scenarios were examined: a closed economy scenario, which demonstrated that domestic production is insufficient to satisfy internal demand, and an open economy scenario, which incorporated imports to offset the deficit. The model identified the optimal routes under state-level supply and demand constraints, highlighting Sonora as the principal domestic supplier, accounting for 31% of demand, and Veracruz as a strategic entry point for imported wheat. These findings underscore that the logistical optimization of both domestic production and imports is essential to safeguarding national food security.