Analysis of production costs and net income of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.x.) in the state of Guanajuato

Resumen

To analyze and compare the structure of production costs (PC) and net income (NI) obtained from the production of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.x.): Cortázar S94 (WCC) and Faisán S2016 (WCF) in Guanajuato, a questionnaire was designed to obtain PC information. This questionnaire was applied to a sample of 85 producers, calculated using maximum variance sampling proportions with a reliability of 94% and a precision level of 0.1. The total production cost (TPC) was obtained by adding the variable costs and fixed costs; the average costs and unit production cost (UPC) were calculated. The NI was estimated by the difference between gross income and TPC. The information was analyzed using basic statistics and to compare the cultivars, an analysis of variance was performed under a completely randomized model, along with a comparison of means using the Student’s t-test. The costs of land preparation, sowing, weed control, pest control and harvesting of the WCF were higher (p<.0001) than those of the WCC; however, fertilization costs were higher (p<.0001) for WCC. The TPC were higher (p<.0001) for WCF with $33,202 vs $27,242 for the WCC. However, there were no significant differences in the UPC or the NI. It is concluded that, although WCF presented a higher yield, better price and higher PC than WCC, the NI obtained for the production of both cultivars were statistically equal, which may imply that the producer decides to produce either cultivar indistinctly.