APPLICATION OF MASSIVE SEQUENCING TO STUDY AND EXPLORATION MICROBIAL DIVERSITY AND ITS BIOTECHNOLOGICAL USE

Abstract

A brief revision of the most important methodologies of metagenomics was carried out, to describe the approaches where it makes incursions, as an alternative technique to classic cultivation methods for the study of microorganisms. Close to 99 % of microorganisms cannot be easily cultivated, so technologies that offer fast, economic and more precise responses about genomes are applied. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is described as an emerging tool to study communities of non-cultivable microorganisms, used because of its capacity to obtain large volumes of sequencing data,
with which the accessibility to genetic resources contained, for example, in soils, is increased. Studies with NGS platforms on nucleic acids extracted from rhizosphere provide a broad spectrum of microorganisms that inhabit it, in addition to obtaining and amplifying fragments from genomic DNA in the community, and being analyzed through crop-dependent techniques, capable of showing the influence of one plant on the structure of the microbe community and deducing that their composition in the rhizosphere is affected by a complex of interaction between the type of soil, the hosting and surrounding species, and the localization of the root from the host plant.