Effect of transport on welfare indicators in beef cattle; an analysis

Abstract

Objective: Review different factors related to cattle transport associated with welfare indicators.

Approach: During transport, cattle is subject to stress triggers that include: i) increased handling, ii) mixing of animals from different sources and contact with strangers, iii) physical challenges such as ramps, slippery surfaces, load density, movement, noise and vibration of the vehicle; iv) contact with new and unfamiliar environments; v) food and water deprivation; vi) changes in the social structure, vii) changes in climatic conditions such as temperature, radiation and humidity, viii) inability to rest, among other aspects. This document reviews the effects of transport on the welfare indicators of cattle and the effects of temperature, load density, duration of travel, rest, water and food provision among others.