Adoption of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture

Abstract

This study analyzes the evolution of research on the adoption of robotics and artificial intelligence in agriculture from 2020 to 2025, focusing on identifying key countries, concepts, thematic relationships, and terms, as well as compiling advantages, challenges, and strategies implemented in other regions to promote these technologies.

The research is based on a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of articles retrieved from Scopus. Findings are contextualized with studies on agricultural mechanization and technological advancement to provide a comprehensive perspective.

The analysis shows that this field, though still emerging, has seen significant growth in recent years. India and the United States are the most active countries, and key thematic clusters reveal a shift in terminology from "agriculture 4.0" and "agricultural robots" five years ago to "smart farming" and "digitalization" today. Barriers to adoption, such as financial and technical constraints, were identified, alongside evaluations of effective strategies implemented in other regions.

The study is limited to Scopus-indexed publications and excludes documents in languages other than English and Spanish. Nevertheless, it offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and agricultural stakeholders.

This research emphasizes the need for tailored strategies to address adoption barriers, particularly for small and medium-sized farmers. Participatory approaches, cooperative models, and multifunctional robots are highlighted as essential tools to foster adoption and address ongoing challenges.