Descriptive Study of the Theoretical and Conceptual Framework ofthe Intercropped Milpa System with Fruit Trees in Veracruz

Resumen

Introduction: The Intercropped Milpa System with Fruit Trees (MIAF) constitutes an agroforestry strategy that integrates maize, beans, or other legumes with fruit species, creating a more resilient and sustainable agroecosystem.

Objective: This study aims to analyze, from a soil fertility perspective, the theoretical and conceptual contributions of the MIAF system in the Los Tuxtlas region of Veracruz, in order to support its relevance to agricultural productivity and the improvement of farmers’ quality of life.

Methodology: A state-of-the-art analysis was conducted on agroecosystems and the MIAF system through a comprehensive review of the Scopus database. Disciplines, activities, and theories directly related to this system were examined, emphasizing its role in agricultural sustainability.

Results: A total of 13,142 documents related to the term “Agroecosystem” were identified over the past 15 years, spanning 10
countries, four document types, and 11 thematic areas. Regarding “MIAF,” 33 scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 across 10 countries were found. Twelve disciplines and their respective activities were characterized, and five theories closely linked to the system were identified, forming a robust conceptual framework to understand its functioning and potential.

Conclusion: MIAF emerges as an innovative alternative to conventional agricultural systems. Its capacity to generate ecological, economic, and social benefits combined with its comprehensive approach positions it as a strategic option for food security, rural development, and environmental conservation.