Traditional knowledge in an agroforestry system and perspectives about agroecological practices in Nahua communities

Resumen

ABSTRACT
Objective: To identify traditional knowledge associated to the traditional agroforestry system (TAFS)
integrated by corn-coffee-allspice and to recognize perceptions and interests of Nahua communities towards
the incorporation of agroecological practices.
Design/methodology/approach: Work was done in two Nahua communities of Cuetzalan, Puebla, Mexico,
devoted to the production of corn (Zea mays L.), coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and allspice (Pimenta dioica Mill), in
TAFS. A qualitative research approach was used, in which semi-structured interviews were conducted.
Results: A representative population sample was interviewed; 74% of the population were women, 38% was
older than 65, 100% self-described as Nahua and recounted that maintenance of the TAFS is a family activity.
Performing soil and organic matter conservation was manifested by 29%; 26% described promoting the diversity
of species (cultivated and tolerated); 9% described establishing Scaptotrigona mexicana (endemic pollinator) in the
plot; 65% knows an agroecological practice, and of this portion, 42% would like to use organic fertilizers, 41%
considers that management of fertility and soil conservation are key to maintain the TAFS.
Limitations on study/implications: The findings reported are applicable to the context of Nahua
communities in the Sierra Norte region of Puebla.
Findings/conclusions: There are traditional understandings associated to the TAFS. These have an approach
of adaptation and emulation of local environmental characteristics to satisfy self-consumption. The approach
of integral management of the agroecosystem tends to sustainability. The perception of the incorporation
of agroecological practices is positive, and there is special interest in the management of soil fertility and
conservation.