GIS and modeling to determine key areas for conserving the genetic diversity of cotton (Gossypium spp.) in Mexico

Resumen

Objective: to determine the key genetic pool areas that harbor populations of wild relatives of cotton in Mexico, through GIS and modeling.

Design/ Methodology/ Approach: a database with 2594 records of collections of the genus Gossypium was used, the data were obtained since 1933 up to 2024. A map was created to visualize the geographical distribution of the species and another for genetic diversity where the Shannon diversity index (SDI) was applied.

Results: an 80% of the records of wild relatives of cotton are conformed by Gossypium hirsutum (58.8%), G. aridum (14.3%) y G. davidsonii (6.7%), confirming that Mexico is the center of diversity for G. hirsutum. Five key areas with very high genetic diversity were identified in the states of Oaxaca and Michoacán. Limitations/ Implications of the study: the target of this study were only wild populations, it did not evaluate GMO’s genetic cross-contamination. However, the study emphasizes the importance and role of cotton genetic pools that are still preserved in natural populations. This may lead decision making towards the need for conservation areas in public policies.

Findings/ Conclusions: five key areas with very high genetic diversity were identified in the states of Oaxaca and Michoacán. In the states of Guerrero, Baja California Sur and Sonora, areas with a high concentration of some Gossypium species were identified, and therefore could be considered key areas for the conservation of Gossypium genetic diversity.