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Abstract
Objective: To generate knowledge on the use of native maize and identify challenges, opportunities and strategies for its conservation in La Virgen, Salvatierra, Guanajuato.
Design/methodology/approach: A mixed approach was applied. The qualitative approach included participatory workshops, group discussions and field visits. The quantitative component considered the application of a questionnaire that integrated socioeconomic aspects, agricultural practices and conservation strategies to 40 ejidatarios(as). The data were analysed using basic statistics.
Results: Three types of native maize were found, which differ in grain colour (white, red and black). White maize is predominant in cultivation and food uses, followed by red and black maize. Seeds are obtained through family inheritance, reflecting continuity in traditional practices. Recurrent droughts have limited grain production. Corn is a fundamental part of the festivities, among which the Misa del Buen Temporal stands out; the abandonment of the Eménguaro festivity is evidence of changes in community identity.
Limitations on study/implications: The results are applicable to only one community, which limits generalization to other communities in the municipality.
Findings/conclusions: The conservation of native maize, is a reflection of resistance to social factors and current consumption trends. Festivities linked to maize have undergone transformations and continue to demonstrate the importance of this crop in the diet. The findings highlight the importance of developing local strategies that integrate traditional knowledge and agroecological approaches.