Autumn-Winter Bird Richness and Diversity in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Crops in Escuinapa, Sinaloa, and Their Contribution to Sustainable Development Goal fifteen

Resumen

Objective: To assess the richness and diversity of bird species inhabiting mango orchards and to examine their contribution to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 15 of the 2030 Agenda, which is focused on biodiversity conservation. Design/methodology/approach: Linear transects of 3,000 m were surveyed with five repetitions, each separated by 500 m. Intensive sampling was conducted, and all birds seen and heard were recorded. Species identification was performed using field guides and 8 × 40 binoculars. Species richness was determined based on the cumulative number of species recorded during sampling; abundance was estimated by summing the number of individuals observed for each species; and bird diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index. Results: A total of 1,320 individual birds belonging to 60 species were recorded. This assemblage was distributed across 11 orders, 27 families, and 48 genera. Twelve species were found to be under legal protection according to the national criteria established in NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, as well as the international criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Six species were endemic to Mexico, and 17 were identified as being of conservation concern. Limitations on study/implications: The available findings are partial, as they include only the autumn and winter seasons with respect to species richness and diversity. Findings/conclusions: The environmental system associated with mango cultivation contributes to the conservation of bird diversity and, consequently, to the fulfillment of SDG 15 of the 2030 Agenda.