Yield and adaptability in corn genotypes evaluated in the northern region of Tamaulipas, Mexico

Resumen

bjective: To estimate the performance and adaptability parameters of simple corn hybrids in the northern region of Tamaulipas, Mexico.

Design/methodology/approach: During the 2022–2023 F-W agricultural cycle, 49 corn genotypes were evaluated across two environments in Tamaulipas. In both locations, experiments were conducted using a 7 × 7 lattice design with three replicates. The study variables included yield, plant and corncob height, days to male and female flowering, grain moisture, root and stem lodging, corncob appearance, and husk coverage. A combined analysis of variance was performed across locations.

Results: The study revealed significant differences among genotypes and environments for most variables, except for root and stem lodging. Regarding genotype × environment interaction, the only significant variable was grain moisture. The experimental hybrids GEN 34, GEN 15, GEN 16, and GEN 24 achieved yields above 8.4 t ha⁻¹ and showed good adaptability compared to transnational materials. The evaluated agronomic characteristics indicated wide genetic diversity.

Limitations on study/implications: Water scarcity and high temperatures in the region limited the hybrids’ ability to reach their maximum yield potential. The four outstanding hybrids are recommended for adoption in the northern region of Tamaulipas. The data generated are essential for guiding selection strategies in breeding programs and for facilitating the rapid development of new genotypes.